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<title>Benga (peuple)</title>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Benga (peuple)</span></h1>
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<div>Bengas</div>
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<table><caption style="background-color:#dec8ab;">Populations importantes par région</caption>

































<tbody><tr>
<th scope="row" style="width:8em;"> Population totale
</th>
<td>
env. 4&nbsp;000<small> (<a href="Ann%C3%A9es_2000" title="Années 2000">années 2000</a>)</small></td>
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<table><caption style="background-color:#dec8ab;">Autres</caption>

<tbody><tr>
<th scope="row" style="width:5em;"> Langues
</th>
<td>
<a href="Benga_(langue)" title="Benga (langue)">benga</a></td>
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<th scope="row" style="width:5em;"> Religions
</th>
<td>
<a href="Christianisme" title="Christianisme">christianisme</a>, <a href="Religions_traditionnelles_africaines" title="Religions traditionnelles africaines">religions traditionnelles africaines</a></td>
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<tr>
<th scope="row" style="width:5em;"> Ethnies liées
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<td>
<a href="Kota_(peuple)" title="Kota (peuple)">Kota</a></td>
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<div class="legend">Aire de répartition en Guinée équatoriale<br>(<abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;6, en rouge)</div>
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<p>Les <b>Benga</b> sont une population d'<a href="Afrique_%C3%A9quatoriale" title="Afrique équatoriale">Afrique équatoriale</a>, vivant principalement sur la côte <a href="Oc%C3%A9an_Atlantique" title="Océan Atlantique">atlantique</a> du <a href="Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> près du <a href="Cap_Est%C3%A9rias" title="Cap Estérias">Cap Estérias</a>, et de la <a href="Guin%C3%A9e_%C3%A9quatoriale" title="Guinée équatoriale">Guinée équatoriale</a>, notamment sur l'île de <a href="Corisco" title="Corisco">Corisco</a><sup id="cite_ref-Peoples_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peoples-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ils forment l'un des sous-groupes des <a href="Ndowe_(peuple)" title="Ndowe (peuple)">Ndowe</a><sup id="cite_ref-MAX_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MAX-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ethnonymie">Ethnonymie</h2></div>
<p>Selon les sources et le contexte, on observe plusieurs formes<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;: Benga-Bakota, Bengas, Bonkoro<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Venga<sup id="cite_ref-MAX_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MAX-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Vengas ou M'Bengas<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.
</p><p>On les qualifie parfois de <i>playeros</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> («&nbsp;ceux de la plage&nbsp;»), par opposition aux peuples forestiers de l'intérieur, tels que les <a href="Fangs" class="mw-redirect" title="Fangs">Fangs</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2></div>
<p>Leur nombre était estimé à 4&nbsp;000 en 1855<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Langues">Langues</h2></div>

<p>Ils parlent le <a href="Benga_(langue)" title="Benga (langue)">benga</a>, une <a href="Langues_bantoues" title="Langues bantoues">langue bantoue</a>. Le nombre total de locuteurs a été estimé à 4&nbsp;100, dont 3&nbsp;000 en Guinée équatoriale (1995) et 1&nbsp;100 au Gabon (2004). L'<a href="Espagnol" title="Espagnol">espagnol</a> et le <a href="Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Français">français</a> sont également utilisés<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religions_et_croyances">Religions et croyances</h2></div>

<p>Majoritairement catholiques, beaucoup restent attachés à leurs <a href="Religions_traditionnelles_africaines" title="Religions traditionnelles africaines">croyances traditionnelles</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> et vénèrent un Être suprême (<i>Ndjambé</i><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).
</p><p>Robert Hamill Nassau, missionnaire presbytérien américain, médecin et linguiste, vécut en pays benga entre 1861 et 1871 et élabora la première traduction de la Bible en benga<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Économie"><span id=".C3.89conomie"></span>Économie</h2></div>
<p>Aujourd'hui la plupart des Bengas vivent de la pêche<sup id="cite_ref-Peoples_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peoples-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2></div>
<div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Peoples-1"><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Olson1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="James_Stuart_Olson1996"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> James Stuart <span class="nom_auteur">Olson</span>, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">«&nbsp;Benga&nbsp;»</cite>, dans <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary</cite>, Greenwood Publishing Group, <time>1996</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;89<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=The+Peoples+of+Africa%3A+An+Ethnohistorical+Dictionary&amp;rft.atitle=Benga&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&amp;rft.aulast=Olson&amp;rft.aufirst=James+Stuart&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.pages=89&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABenga+%28peuple%29"></span></span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-MAX-2"><span class="reference-text">Max Liniger-Goumaz, <i>La Guinée équatoriale&nbsp;: un pays méconnu</i>, L'Harmattan, 1980, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">74-75</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">2-85802-132-5</span>)</small></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Source <a href="Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BnF</a> <span class="ouvrage">«&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/15524445/benga__peuple_d_afrique_/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Benga (peuple d'Afrique)</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">data.bnf.fr</span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Bonkoro est le nom de la dynastie des rois Benga.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : espagnol">(es)</abbr> <i>Enciclopedia universal ilustrada europeo-americana</i>, vol. 67, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">1095-1096</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : espagnol">(es)</abbr> Carlos Gonzalez Echegaray, «&nbsp;Rutas y Etapas de los Pueblos Playeros de la Guinea Continental Española&nbsp;», in <i>Conferencia Internacional de Africansitas Occidentales</i>, vol. 2, 1954, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">327-351</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Love_Mackey1855"><span class="ouvrage" id="James_Love_Mackey1855"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> James <span class="nom_auteur">Love Mackey</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">A grammar of the Benga language</cite>, Mission house, <time>1855</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;3<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+grammar+of+the+Benga+language&amp;rft.pub=Mission+house&amp;rft.aulast=Love+Mackey&amp;rft.aufirst=James&amp;rft.date=1855&amp;rft.pages=3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABenga+%28peuple%29"></span></span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><cite class="ouvrage" id="ethnologuebng"><span style="font-style: normal;"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/bng">Fiche langue</a> <code>[bng]</code> dans la base de données linguistique&nbsp;<i><a href="Ethnologue%2C_Languages_of_the_World" title="Ethnologue, Languages of the World"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Ethnologue</span></a>.</i></span></cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : espagnol">(es)</abbr> «&nbsp;Ndowe o Playeros&nbsp;» <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Etnologia/Pueblos/Benga/index.htm">[1]</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gardinier1994"><span class="ouvrage" id="David_E._Gardinier1994"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> David E. <span class="nom_auteur">Gardinier</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Historical dictionary of Gabon</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;XXXVII, Metuchen (N.J.) - Londres, Scarecrow press, <time>1994</time>, 466&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">0-8108-2768-9</span>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;10<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Historical+dictionary+of+Gabon&amp;rft.place=Metuchen+%28N.J.%29+-+Londres&amp;rft.pub=Scarecrow+press&amp;rft.aulast=Gardinier&amp;rft.aufirst=David+E.&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.volume=XXXVII&amp;rft.pages=10&amp;rft.tpages=466&amp;rft.isbn=0-8108-2768-9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABenga+%28peuple%29"></span></span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i><a href="Journal_des_africanistes" title="Journal des africanistes">Journal des africanistes</a></i>, 1977, tome 47, fascicule 1, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">186-195</span>, <small>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/docAsPDF/jafr_0399-0346_1977_num_47_1_1793.pdf">lire en ligne</a>]</small></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3></div>
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<ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Ambouroue2006-2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Odette_Ambouroue2006-2007">Odette <span class="nom_auteur">Ambouroue</span>, <cite class="italique">Éléments de description de l’orungu, langue bantu du Gabon (B11b)</cite>, <a href="Universit%C3%A9_libre_de_Bruxelles" title="Université libre de Bruxelles">Université libre de Bruxelles</a>, 2006-2007, 409&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theses.ulb.ac.be/ETD-db/collection/available/ULBetd-07162007-152714/unrestricted/TheseAmbouroue.pdf">lire en ligne</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%C3%89l%C3%A9ments+de+description+de+l%E2%80%99orungu%2C+langue+bantu+du+Gabon+%28B11b%29&amp;rft.pub=Universit%C3%A9+libre+de+Bruxelles&amp;rft.aulast=Ambouroue&amp;rft.aufirst=Odette&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.tpages=409&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABenga+%28peuple%29"></span></span></span> — thèse</li>
<li><span class="ouvrage" id="Deschamps1962"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hubert_Deschamps1962">Hubert <span class="nom_auteur">Deschamps</span>, <cite style="font-style:normal">«&nbsp;Shaké et Danbomo&nbsp;»</cite>, dans <cite class="italique">Traditions orales et archives au Gabon. Contribution à l'ethno-histoire</cite>, Paris, Berger-Levrault, <time>1962</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers11-03/12584.pdf">lire en ligne</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">124-125</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Traditions+orales+et+archives+au+Gabon.+Contribution+%C3%A0+l%27ethno-histoire&amp;rft.atitle=Shak%C3%A9+et+Danbomo&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=Berger-Levrault&amp;rft.aulast=Deschamps&amp;rft.aufirst=Hubert&amp;rft.date=1962&amp;rft.pages=124-125&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhorizon.documentation.ird.fr%2Fexl-doc%2Fpleins_textes%2Fdivers11-03%2F12584.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABenga+%28peuple%29"></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="ouvrage" id="Dy'IkèngueRabat_Makambo2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ibía_Dy'IkènguePráxedes_Rabat_Makambo2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : espagnol">(es)</abbr> Ibía <span class="nom_auteur">Dy'Ikèngue</span> et Práxedes <span class="nom_auteur">Rabat Makambo</span> (introduction, traduction et notes), <cite class="italique" lang="es">Costumbre bengas y de los pueblos vecinos</cite>, Madrid, SIAL, <time>2004</time>, 181&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">84-95498-89-8</span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Costumbre+bengas+y+de+los+pueblos+vecinos&amp;rft.place=Madrid&amp;rft.pub=SIAL&amp;rft.aulast=Dy%27Ik%C3%A8ngue&amp;rft.aufirst=Ib%C3%ADa&amp;rft.au=Rabat+Makambo%2C+Pr%C3%A1xedes&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.tpages=181&amp;rft.isbn=84-95498-89-8&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABenga+%28peuple%29"></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="ouvrage" id="Gardinier1994"><span class="ouvrage" id="David_E._Gardinier1994"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> David E. <span class="nom_auteur">Gardinier</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Historical dictionary of Gabon</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;XXXVII, Metuchen (N.J.) - Londres, Scarecrow press, <time>1994</time>, 466&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">0-8108-2768-9</span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Historical+dictionary+of+Gabon&amp;rft.place=Metuchen+%28N.J.%29+-+Londres&amp;rft.pub=Scarecrow+press&amp;rft.aulast=Gardinier&amp;rft.aufirst=David+E.&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.volume=XXXVII&amp;rft.tpages=466&amp;rft.isbn=0-8108-2768-9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABenga+%28peuple%29"></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="ouvrage" id="Liniger-Goumaz1972"><span class="ouvrage" id="Max_Liniger-Goumaz1972"><a href="Max_Liniger-Goumaz" title="Max Liniger-Goumaz">Max <span class="nom_auteur">Liniger-Goumaz</span></a>, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal">Guinée équatoriale. Populations. Bibliographie</cite>&nbsp;», <i><a href="Journal_de_la_Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_des_africanistes" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal de la Société des africanistes">Journal de la Société des africanistes</a></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="tome">t.</abbr>&nbsp;42, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;2,‎ <time>1972</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">195-224</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/jafr_0037-9166_1972_num_42_2_1951">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Guin%C3%A9e+%C3%A9quatoriale.+Populations.+Bibliographie&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+des+africanistes&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Liniger-Goumaz&amp;rft.aufirst=Max&amp;rft.date=1972&amp;rft.pages=195-224&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABenga+%28peuple%29"></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="ouvrage" id="Liniger-Goumaz1986"><span class="ouvrage" id="Max_Liniger-Goumaz1986">Max <span class="nom_auteur">Liniger-Goumaz</span>, <cite class="italique">Connaître la Guinée équatoriale</cite>, Rouen, Éd. des peuples noirs, <time>1986</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">23-28</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Conna%C3%AEtre+la+Guin%C3%A9e+%C3%A9quatoriale&amp;rft.place=Rouen&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89d.+des+peuples+noirs&amp;rft.aulast=Liniger-Goumaz&amp;rft.aufirst=Max&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft.pages=23-28&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABenga+%28peuple%29"></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="ouvrage" id="Muakuku_Rondo_Igambo2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Fernando_Muakuku_Rondo_Igambo2006"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : espagnol">(es)</abbr> Fernando <span class="nom_auteur">Muakuku Rondo Igambo</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="es">Conflictos étnicos y gobernabilidad&nbsp;: Guinea Ecuatorial</cite>, Barcelone, Ediciones Carena, <time>2006</time>, 195&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">978-84-96357-26-6</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RlA9bhn6MEQC&amp;printsec=frontcover">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Conflictos+%C3%A9tnicos+y+gobernabilidad&amp;rft.place=Barcelone&amp;rft.pub=Ediciones+Carena&amp;rft.stitle=Guinea+Ecuatorial&amp;rft.aulast=Muakuku+Rondo+Igambo&amp;rft.aufirst=Fernando&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.tpages=195&amp;rft.isbn=978-84-96357-26-6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABenga+%28peuple%29"></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="ouvrage" id="Ratanga-Atoz1999"><span class="ouvrage" id="Anges_Ratanga-Atoz1999">Anges <span class="nom_auteur">Ratanga-Atoz</span>, <cite class="italique">Les peuples du Gabon occidental&nbsp;: Ng'omyènè, Shekiani, Bakèlè, Benga, Ngubi, Gisire, Varama, Lumbu, Vili et Fang pendant la première période coloniale (1839-1914)</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="tome">t.</abbr>&nbsp;I&nbsp;: <span class="italique">Le cadre institutionnel</span>, Libreville, Éditions Raponda Walker, <time>1999</time>, 359&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">2-912776-17-1</span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Les+peuples+du+Gabon+occidental+%3A+Ng%27omy%C3%A8n%C3%A8%2C+Shekiani%2C+Bak%C3%A8l%C3%A8%2C+Benga%2C+Ngubi%2C+Gisire%2C+Varama%2C+Lumbu%2C+Vili+et+Fang+pendant+la+premi%C3%A8re+p%C3%A9riode+coloniale+%281839-1914%29&amp;rft.place=Libreville&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Raponda+Walker&amp;rft.aulast=Ratanga-Atoz&amp;rft.aufirst=Anges&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.tpages=359&amp;rft.isbn=2-912776-17-1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABenga+%28peuple%29"></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="ouvrage" id="Saavedra_y_Magdalena1910"><span class="ouvrage" id="Diego_Saavedra_y_Magdalena1910"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : espagnol">(es)</abbr> Diego <span class="nom_auteur">Saavedra y Magdalena</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="es">España en el África Occidental&nbsp;: Río de Oro y Guinea</cite>, Madrid, F. Fé, <time>1910</time>, 210&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Espa%C3%B1a+en+el+%C3%81frica+Occidental&amp;rft.place=Madrid&amp;rft.pub=F.+F%C3%A9&amp;rft.stitle=R%C3%ADo+de+Oro+y+Guinea&amp;rft.aulast=Saavedra+y+Magdalena&amp;rft.aufirst=Diego&amp;rft.date=1910&amp;rft.tpages=210&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABenga+%28peuple%29"></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="ouvrage" id="Rieucau2001"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean_Rieucau2001">Jean Rieucau, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal">Biodiversité et écotourisme dans les pays du centre du golfe de Guinée</cite>&nbsp;», <i><a href="Cahiers_d'Outre-Mer" title="Cahiers d'Outre-Mer">Cahiers d'Outre-Mer</a></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;216,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2001" data-sort-value="2001">octobre-décembre 2001</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;18 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4000/com.2310">10.4000/com.2310</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://com.revues.org/2310">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Biodiversit%C3%A9+et+%C3%A9cotourisme+dans+les+pays+du+centre+du+golfe+de+Guin%C3%A9e&amp;rft.jtitle=Cahiers+d%27Outre-Mer&amp;rft.issue=216&amp;rft.aulast=Rieucau&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.pages=18&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fcom.2310&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcom.revues.org%2F2310&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABenga+%28peuple%29"></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="ouvrage" id="Gaulme1988"><span class="ouvrage" id="F._Gaulme1988">F. Gaulme, <cite class="italique">Le Gabon et son ombre</cite>, Paris, Karthala, <time>1988</time>, 210&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">978-2-86537-202-7</span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Le+Gabon+et+son+ombre&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=Karthala&amp;rft.aulast=Gaulme&amp;rft.aufirst=F.&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft.tpages=210&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-86537-202-7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABenga+%28peuple%29"></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="ouvrage" id="Mombey1988"><span class="ouvrage" id="P._Mombey1988">P. Mombey, <cite class="italique">Les Benga, peuple du Gabon</cite> (Mémoire de maîtrise de sociologie), Libreville, Université Omar Bongo, <time>1988</time>, 109&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Les+Benga%2C+peuple+du+Gabon&amp;rft.place=Libreville&amp;rft.pub=Universit%C3%A9+Omar+Bongo&amp;rft.aulast=Mombey&amp;rft.aufirst=P.&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft.tpages=109&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABenga+%28peuple%29"></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierre1965"><span class="ouvrage" id="Alexandre_Pierre1965">Alexandre Pierre, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal">Proto-histoire du groupe beti-bulu-fang&nbsp;: essai de synthèse provisoire</cite>&nbsp;», <i><a href="Cahiers_d'%C3%A9tudes_africaines" title="Cahiers d'études africaines">Cahiers d'études africaines</a></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;5, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;20,‎ <time>1965</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">503-560</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3406/cea.1965.3049">10.3406/cea.1965.3049</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/doc/cea_0008-0055_1965_num_5_20_3049">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Proto-histoire+du+groupe+beti-bulu-fang+%3A+essai+de+synth%C3%A8se+provisoire&amp;rft.jtitle=Cahiers+d%27%C3%A9tudes+africaines&amp;rft.issue=20&amp;rft.aulast=Pierre&amp;rft.aufirst=Alexandre&amp;rft.date=1965&amp;rft.volume=5&amp;rft.pages=503-560&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fcea.1965.3049&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Fcea_0008-0055_1965_num_5_20_3049&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABenga+%28peuple%29"></span></span></span></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3></div>
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<li><a href="Kota_(peuple)" title="Kota (peuple)">Kota</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3></div>
<ul><li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l'information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a></span>&nbsp;: <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb155244455">BnF</a></span> (<span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb155244455">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/114047057">IdRef</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2001006055">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007542150405171">Israël</a></span></li> </ul></div></li></ul>
<ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte">Portail de l’anthropologie</span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte">Portail du Gabon</span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte">Portail de la Guinée équatoriale</span> </span></li> </ul></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
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